Catheter sheaths are the most frequently used access devices for percutaneous vascular interventions, and all percutaneous vascular interventions in clinical practice require the establishment of surgical access through catheter sheaths.Therefore, the role of catheter sheath is to establish surgical access and is a prerequisite for the success of the procedure.
The catheter sheath is a thin-walled polytetrafluoroethylene tubular sheath that facilitates catheter exchange, serves as a conduit for catheter entry and exit or replacement, and reduces vascular damage.
The catheter sheath is sheathed with a smooth tapered dilator at the front end. After successful puncture, when entering the blood vessel along the guidewire, the catheter sheath acts as a gradual dilation of the subcutaneous tissues and blood vessels, so that the catheter sheath and the catheter enter the blood vessel smoothly and reduce the wear and tear on the subcutaneous tissues and blood vessels.Currently commonly used in clinical practice is the improved outer sheath design, a leak-proof catheter sheath, that is, a hemostatic washer and a side way tube and switch are added to the tail seat joint of the sheath.
The hemostatic washer is in the caudal seat lumen of the sheath, and when the catheter is inserted, the hemostatic washer and the catheter are in close proximity to each other to prevent blood from leaking out; the side way tube with a switch can be used for injecting heparin solution through the channel, flushing the gap between the sheath and the catheter, preventing coagulation, and can also be used as a pressure detection channel.
In the clinic according to the different puncture sites can be divided into the sheath of the radial artery sheath and femoral artery sheath, radial artery sheath is through the radial artery or far radial artery puncture access, the outer diameter of the size is generally 4-7F, which is due to the diameter of the radial artery is limited.Sheaths of 5-6F are commonly used via the radial artery, and some men with large radial artery sizes may use 7F sheaths to establish access.
Catheter sheaths can be divided into long and short sheaths according to their length. long sheaths are suitable for general vascular puncture, angiography, as well as lower extremity vascular puncture, retrograde puncture, etc., the size of which is generally 4-14F, 7-25cm. long sheaths are suitable for blood vessels that are far away from the puncture point.
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